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Formic acid

CAS No.: 64-18-6
Molecular Formula: CH2O2
Molecular Weight: 46.03

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product description

Formic acid is a colorless, pungent liquid with strong acidity and reducing properties. It is widely used in leather tanning, textile dyeing, rubber processing, and as a preservative, disinfectant, and chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.

Chemical Properties

Property	Value
Melting point	8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)
Boiling point	100-101 °C (lit.)
density	1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density	1.03 (vs air)
vapor pressure	52 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
refractive index	n20/D1.377
FEMA	2487 \| FORMIC ACID
Fp	133 °F
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	H2O: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
pka	3.75(at 20℃)
form	Liquid
Specific Gravity	1.216 (20℃/20℃)
color	APHA: ≤15
PH	3.47(1 mM solution);2.91(10 mM solution);2.38(100 mM solution);
Odor	at 0.10 % in water. pungent vinegar formyl
Odor Type	acetic
explosive limit	12-38%(V)
Water Solubility	MISCIBLE
Sensitive	Hygroscopic
λmax	λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck	14,4241
JECFA Number	79
BRN	1209246
Henry's Law Constant	At 25 °C: 95.2, 75.1, 39.3, 10.7, and 3.17 at pH values of 1.35, 3.09, 4.05, 4.99, and 6.21, respectively (Hakuta et al., 1977)
Dielectric constant	58.0（16℃）
Exposure limits	TLV-TWA 5 ppm (～9 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) (NIOSH).
Stability:	Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and powdered metals, furfuryl alcohol. Combustible. Hygroscopic. Pressure may build up in tightly closed bottles, so bottles should be opened carefully and vented periodically.
InChIKey	BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP	-0.540
CAS DataBase Reference	64-18-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Formic acid(64-18-6)
EPA Substance Registry System	Formic acid (64-18-6)

Safety Information

Property	Value
Hazard symbols	T, C, Xi
Hazard class codes	23/24/25-34-40-43-35-36/38-10
Safety descriptions	36/37-45-26-23-36/37/39
UN dangerous goods number (1)	UN 1779 8/PG II (FORMIC ACID with more than 85% acid by mass)
UN dangerous goods number (2)	UN 3412 8/PG II (FORMIC ACID with not less than 10% but not more than 85% acid by mass)
Occupational exposure class	B
Occupational exposure limit	TWA: 5 ppm (9 mg/m³)
WGK Germany	2
RTECS number	LP8925000
F	10
Autoignition temperature	1004 °F
TSCA	TSCA listed
Hazard class	8
Packing group	II
HS code	29151100
Storage class	3 - Flammable liquids
Hazard class (category)	Acute toxicity, Category 3, Inhalation Acute toxicity, Category 4, Oral Serious eye damage, Category 1 Flammable liquid, Category 3 Skin corrosion, Category 1A
Hazardous substances data	64-18-6 (Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity	LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 1100 orally; 145 i.v. (Malorny)
Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration	30 ppm

Product Usage

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid and has important applications across multiple industrial fields. In the leather and textile industries, it is used as a tanning agent, neutralizing agent, and dyeing auxiliary, helping to adjust pH and improve dye adhesion. In the rubber industry, formic acid can be used for latex coagulation. In agriculture, it is added to silage as a preservative to inhibit mold and bacterial growth, extending the storage life of animal feed. In the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, it is an important intermediate for synthesizing sulfa drugs, formates, and formate esters. Additionally, formic acid is used for metal surface cleaning, rust removal, and as a component of environmentally friendly deicing agents.

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Mode of Transportation
1. By Air, fast but expensive.
2. By Sea, usual and economy.
3. By Train, suit for middle Asia countries.
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